The purpose of this paper is to approach one of the most relevant parts of biotechnology, namely bioremediation with its particular branch – biosorption – applied for heavy metal removal. Biotechnological exploitation of biosorption technology to remove heavy metals depends upon the efficiency of the regeneration of the biosorbent after metal desorption. In science, a heavy metal is a metallic element which is toxic and has a high density, specific gravity or atomic weight. Plant-derived biomaterials and biomaterials of agricultural by-products for biosorption of heavy metals are an innovative and alternative low cost technology for treatment and/or reuse of waste products. These elements, in addition to oxygen and hydrogen, are called major oxides because they. These elements play an important role in. The relationships between the major oxidetrace element/heavy metal and REE were investigated by statistical methods, such as descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, and principle. The detoxification of metal pollutants from wastewater by the development of biomaterials having higher affinity, capacity and selectivity had been found to be as an alternative over conventional technologies that were often inadequate to reduce concentrations in wastewater to acceptable regulatory standards. Purpose: It is well known that trace elements and heavy metals play a significant role in human health and disease. Calcium is so reactive that touching it with a bare hand can cause chemical burns because calcium easily reacts with moisture in your hand.Ĭalcium is the member of alkaline earth metals that can easily lose two outermost shell’s electron.Environment fortification must require the use of natural products instead of chemicals to minimize pollution.Vitamin D is very essential for human beings as it helps in the absorption of the calcium in our body.Calcium was first isolated as a pure element in 1808 by Humphry Davy. Humans have used calcium compounds since many millennia but didn’t understand their composition. Archeologists have discovered many statues and constructions dating back to 7,000 BC were made from lime – a compound of calcium. Discovery Humphry DavyĬalcium compounds were known to humans since ancient times. Among them, China is the largest producer of calcium and United States is the largest consumer of calcium – which takes about half of the world’s calcium that is produced each year.
Most of the calcium that occurs on the earth is in the minerals which are limestone, chalk, marble, dolomite, and gypsum.Ĭalcium is produced by many countries, but the leader in calcium production are China, Russia, and the United States. The heavy metals are those having densities five times greater than water, and the light metals. It constitutes about 3% of the crust which makes it the 5 th most abundant element. The metallic elements can be categorized into two groups. Calcium is usually taken in form of calcium carbonate as a food supplement to improve the health of bones, teeth, and nerveĬalcium is one of the most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust. A good quantity of calcium is also used in food products and medicines.
Hydrogen can be stored in calcium metal because it reacts with calcium to form calcium hydrides, and extracting hydrogen gas back from the calcium is very easy.Adding some calcium into aluminum metal makes an alloy that is stronger than aluminum alone and improves bearings strength. Bearings that are made from aluminum are not strong enough to withstand the friction and heavy load for longer.Maintenance-free batteries used in vehicles use calcium-lead alloy for reducing the loss of water from the battery and self-discharging.Calcium helps in improving the castability, purity, and some other mechanical properties of steel. Currently, the largest amount of calcium is used by steel industries for making steel. This element is used in low concentrations for medicinal purposes, but when used in high concentrations in the hexavalent form, it is toxic and can trigger cancer (Achmad and Auerkari 2017). Reactivity is high and forms oxide layer immediately at its surface when exposed to air.Ĭalcium is a very important element for industries other than its medical use.Capable of being drawn into wire without rupturing – Ductile.Soft metal and can easily be shaped into sheets – Malleable.The conductor of electricity and heat– not as good as aluminum or copper.
0 kommentar(er)
